THE BUNDIAN WAY HERITAGE

ANCIENT ABORIGINAL PATHWAY PROPOSED FOR HERITAGE LISTING

  The Bundian Way is a pathway that is possibly more than 40,000 years old, certainly far older than the Pyramids or the Silk Road. In December 2012 it was entered on the NSW State Heritage Register, both for its Aboriginal and European and shared heritage values.

 When the European pioneers arrived in the SE region of Australia they found the mountainous country a barrier to settlement. Produce of the Monaro, for example, was too difficult to get to market without access to the port in Eden. When travelling and sending freight by sea was the best option, the nearest harbour in Eden could not service the settlers.

 The old Aboriginal clans of the region came to the rescue and showed the settlers the way to go. They could follow the pathways that had been used for thousands of years. These became the first roads.

 Not only did the Aboriginal people show the settlers how best to get between the coast and the Monaro, they also showed them how to get to Gippsland which was unsettled at the time.

 Now, one of the ways used to walk between Twofold Bay and the Snowy Mountains has been nominated by the Eden Local Aboriginal Lands Council for recognition as a significant part of the Australian and NSW Heritage.

Used with permission Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW – A 535

At his ease. This princely inhabitant of Bundyang wearing a possum skin cloak was drawn by OW Brierly in about 1843.

 The Bundian Way

The Bundian Way is a descriptive name as it goes by way of the Bundian Pass, which was the easiest walking route from the tablelands to the coastal plains. It skirts Bondi Creek, the old Bondi  Station and the district referred to by names spelt in various ways, such as Bundyang, Boondyang, Boondi and Bondia in early accounts. W.B. Clarke described it during his explorations of the Monaro in 1851. G.A. Robinson in his journeys of 1844 refers to the grassy hills or downs of the south-eastern Monaro and says, in his very own phonetic way, 'the tribe is called Pundeang mittong, Bungunggarley alias John Gow is a native of this place at Pundang.'

Its route mostly follows wild country and local roads and tracks. One spur continues on to Omeo and Gippsland or to the western plains via the Omeo gap.  Much of the landscape is extremely rugged and it includes the much-mythologised Man from the Snowy River country. Its very wildness made the pathways all the more important before any roads were developed. It is well recorded how Aborigines showed the way first, and subsequent use resulted in exploration and development of places like Gippsland in the earliest days by Macalister, McMillan, highland Scots shepherds, and the horsemen and cattlemen who followed; some who noted and followed the pathways included Lhotsky, Brodribb, Lingard, Ryrie, Lambie, A.W. Howitt, W.B. Clarke, von Mueller, Oswald Brierly, G.A. Robinson and others.

 As an ancient pathway it was one of the remarkable trade and cultural routes of Australia, not only connecting the moth sites of the high country with the whale places on the coast but also Gippslamd and the western districts of Victoria and beyond via the Omeo Gap. . It predated the Silk Road, the Roman roads and other great roads of world antiquity. In its practical role it connected Aboriginal people and their kinship and landscapes, their special places and ceremonies.

 But today it has a symbolic role that demonstrates the Aboriginal people’s deep connections with their much-varied environment and how, in an ever-changing world, some things remain.

 You can still walk all the way along it, mostly through wild country or minor country roads, from the highest part of the continent to the coast. Many traces still remain in the present day.

The Route

The Bundian Way runs for some 300 kilometres between the Snowies and Twofold Bay. It will pass by special information/education places where the countryside’s Aboriginal characteristics will be recognised.

 The Bundian Way passes through Delegate and the village of Towamba, finishing near Boydtown on Twofold Bay.

 Success of the proposal could have considerable cultural and tourism advantages, likewise for Thredbo, Towamba and Boydtown. It is not intended that the information corridor should adversely impact on development or the economy within the corridor. Forestry and farming would continue as ever. The corridor would serve to focus information about the Aboriginal landscape.

 The proposal has nothing to do with native title. It is not a claim for land or ownership, but rather that some Aboriginal cultural heritage values in the historic landscape should be acknowledged. These are symbolised by the old pathways.

A major survey to identify Aboriginal values and landscapes commenced in August 2010. The project is being conducted by Eden Local Aboriginal Land Council in collaboration with land management agencies of the region.

Historic Values

Although the basis for the proposal is largely historic and symbolic, the Bundian way is part of a network of Aboriginal path ways in Yuin, Ngarigo, Jaitmathang and Bidawal country.

 These connected the people and their ceremonies, as well as sacred places, and trade routes across the continent, more particularly they were used to travel to and from places where special events took place, such as:

 a)  Aboriginal whaling and springtime ceremonies in Twofold Bay. Here there was a unique association the old people developed with killer whales to hunt other whale species, and later they participated in shared whaling practices (especially with the Davidsons of Kiah). Voluntary cooperative hunting between man and a wild species has happened nowhere else in the world, a practice well illustrated in the ABC documentary of 2009;

 b)  Aboriginal moth hunting and ceremonies in the high country during summer.

Shared History

The Bundian Way has a remarkable shared history. Shared use of pathways resulted in exploration and development of the south east coast between Bega and Mallacoota, as well as on the Monaro and into Gippsland. The old Aboriginal people showed the European ‘explorers’ the pathways (eg Ryrie 1840 journals and maps; Robinson 1844-5) and permitted use of the country in the earliest days by highland Scots shepherds, and the horsemen and cattlemen who followed (Watson 1984).

 In the first place it was Aboriginal care of their country that resulted in the landscapes that greeted the first European settlers. The scientists soon followed, men like von Mueller and Howitt and W.B. Clarke, in a tradition that has continued to the present day. Their collective accounts and researches give a unique picture of what has remained and what has changed since first European sorties into the area and the impacts on a dramatic range of vegetation formations and classes.

Relations were not always cordial.

 The Bundian Way Heritage Route

Scientific Issues

The Way passes through many Aboriginal landscapes and demonstrates some of the variety and antiquity of their land management practises. It is possible eucalyptus speciesisation led to its domination of the landscape as a consequence of firestick use from about 40 to 50,000 years ago. Many scientists say the series of eucalypts (and the communities they dominate) between the tree line and the sea have universal significance and deserve the highest heritage recognition. Further research along the way should help us to better understand how traditional Aboriginal land management shaped the complexity of the landscape and its vegetation patterns, and may well assist in developing new modern approaches to land management. Certainly, enhanced understanding of the Aboriginal landscape will bring greater respect for country.

For Further information contact:

John Blay, Project Officer with ELALC - 6288-1430    Email: sefproject@netspeed.com.au

Ossie Cruse, Eden LALC, Elder - 6496-2186

   Pathway Survey